Set up neutralization reactions with formulas

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What happens when acids and alkalis (= bases) are mixed together? Since neutral products, namely water and a salt, are obtained, these reactions are called neutralization reactions. Setting up the reaction equations with formulas is very easy.

Interesting facts about neutralization reactions

Neutralization reactions are reactions that follow the general reaction equation "acid + base -> water + salt".

  • Acids are proton donors, i.e. acids are substances that can donate at least one proton (= H +). Their pH is less than 7.
  • Bases or Lyes are proton acceptors, i.e. they can take up protons. The higher the pH value (up to max. pH = 14), the stronger the base.
  • The protons given off by the acid react with the hydroxide group (= OH-) to water.
  • The acid residue anion forms a salt with the metal cation of the base.
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General equation for neutralization reactions: HR + MOH -> MR + H2O (R = acid residue; M = metal residue of the base)

Set up reaction equations with formulas

Just as you memorize vocabulary when learning a foreign language, you have to be in chemistry memorize some basic formulas, e.g. B. H 3PO4 = Phosphoric acid, H 2SO 4 = sulfuric acid, HCl = hydrochloric acid, NaOH = sodium hydroxide solution, Mg (OH) = magnesium hydroxide

  • At a glance you can recognize alkalis (= bases) by the OH group.
  • When setting up reaction equations for neutralization reactions with formulas, make sure that the same number of H +-Ions can be given off by the acid, as by the OH--Groups of lye can be included; z. B. HCl + NaOH -> H 2O + NaCl (= sodium chloride = table salt) or H 2SO4 + Mg (OH)2 -> 2 H. 2O + MgSO4 (= Magnesium sulfate).
  • Since sulfuric acid has two protons (= H+ ) can give off, and magnesium hydroxide two OH- - has groups; each of which can absorb one proton, two molecules of water are created during the neutralization reaction.

How do you check whether a reaction equation is correct? There must be the same number of particles to the right and left of the reaction arrow, i.e. one counts all H, O, S etc. to the right and left

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