DC motor and its advantages
There are different types of electric motors. Some work with alternating current or three-phase current, others with direct current. The DC motor shows its advantages, among other things, as a robust and inexpensive motor for industrial applications.
DC motors are flexible and versatile. Typical areas of application can be found where the power is not too high, but a compact design is desired.
Advantages - controllability and start-up behavior
- A DC motor generally consists of an immovable part (stator) and a movable part (rotor or armature). In the so-called internal rotor motor, the stator around which the rotor rotates is located on the inside. In the case of the external rotor motor, the whole thing is reversed.
- The stator usually consists of an electromagnet, with smaller motors several so-called permanent magnets. The rotor (one or more coils) rotates in the magnetic field of the stator. The poles of the coils change with the help of special sliding contacts after every half rotation of the rotor. An electric motor is completed by a housing as well as further connections, capacitors and coils.
- In the first decades after its invention, DC motors were also used as generators. However, the advantages of DC motors are not evident when used as generators. Because three-phase motors are more effective there. Only in its original function as a motor can it show its advantages such as good controllability and start-up behavior.
- As the middle of the 20th When the three-phase motor was invented in the 19th century, that was only apparently the end of the classic DC machine. Since brushless motors have existed, new application possibilities have emerged in areas that were reserved for three-phase motors for a long time.
Three-phase motor - possible uses and functional information
Three-phase motors are used in a wide variety of ways as a drive for machines ...
DC motor in household and industry
- DC motors are used in industry and in automobiles as well as in households. Almost every kitchen appliance and every electrical tool in the household is equipped with it.
- Compact dimensions, efficiency and power density all offer a good compromise. A three-phase motor requires a certain amount of space for its control electronics, which is not available in most household appliances.
- In industry, the brushless DC machine can be used in the medium-sized power range. It can be used to operate electrical lifting devices for loads of up to 1,000 kilograms or industrial robots. Among other things, advantages can be seen in the exact determination of the motor position.
Smaller electric motors can be found in every car (wiper motor, fan and blower, drive for electric windows). This does not apply to the drive of electric cars, even if it is often assumed.
