When does salt water freeze?

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At the latest when salt is scattered on icy roads, one or the other wonders when the salt water is actually freezing. The freezing point of water with salt can drop to -21 degrees. This is also called freezing point depression. You can illustrate this phenomenon with a little experiment.

Salt lowers the freezing point of water.
Salt lowers the freezing point of water. © Harry_Hautumm / Pixelio

What you need:

  • 3 sealable plastic bottles
  • water
  • salt
  • sugar

Above all, the amount of salt in the water determines when the salt water freezes.

When does salt water freeze

  • Fresh water, which has a salt content of less than 0.1%, is known to freeze at 0 ° C and has a boiling temperature of 100 ° C.
  • If you add enough salt to the water that a saturated solution is formed, the freezing point drops to -21 ° C and the boiling point rises to 108 ° C.
  • This is also referred to as a lowering of the melting point or the lowering of the freezing point or an increase in the boiling point.
  • Not only does salt water freeze at a lower freezing point than water, but also solutions with sugar, alcohol or other things.
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How to test the depression of the freezing point

You can test the lowering of the freezing point with a little experiment:

  1. Take three sealable plastic bottles. Fill the first one third with water and seal it.
  2. Fill the second bottle one-third with water and then add salt. Shake the bottle and keep adding salt until a saturated solution is obtained. You can tell when this is the case by the fact that the salt does not dissolve any further, but rather a small residue remains.
  3. Pour water into the third bottle until it is one third full. Then add sugar until a saturated solution is created here too.
  4. Label the bottles so you can tell them apart later, put them in the freezer or in a freezer for about 12 hours.
  5. When you take the bottles back out of the freezer, you will notice some differences. The normal tap water is completely frozen, while the salt water is still liquid. The sugar solution should be partially frozen and look like slush.

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