VIDEO: How do you quote correctly?

Quote correctly and consistently

Of course, there is no single correct course of action when it comes to formatting quotations. Even at a university, the requirements for this often differ from faculty to faculty. However, it is important that you use the same formatting for your quotes and footnotes throughout the text.

• A quotation is placed in double quotation marks, a quotation or literal speech in the quotation is placed in single quotation marks. You mark omissions within the quotation with three points in square brackets: […].
• You can also use square brackets to indicate words and letters that have been inserted or changed within the quotation. This can be necessary if, for example, you want to include a quote in one of your own sentences and need to change the case or tense of the quote. However, you must not alienate a quote to such an extent that it loses its real meaning.
• In order not to adopt someone else's mistakes, the following applies: Always quote from the original text. In academic texts, this also applies to foreign-language texts. Do not quote from translations there.
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• Is the original text in old spelling, orthography do not align them in your quote.


Quoting from a script - citing rules briefly explained

Regardless of whether you are quoting from a script or another work: You are to ...

• The same applies to possible spelling mistakes in the original text. You can, however, add the editorial supplement [sic] (lat. for “so”, “really so”) to make it clear to the reader that you are aware of the error and that you have adopted it from the original text.
• Bold or italic spellings from the original text must also be used.
• The quotation marks are omitted if you copy an entire paragraph (usually quotations from four lines) from a text. Then indent the quote to the left and set it one or two font sizes smaller than the rest of the text.
• If, in exceptional cases, you cannot quote from the original text but only from the secondary literature, mark this with the comment: "Quoted from... or quoted after …".
• If you do not quote a text directly, but only in a general sense, you still have to provide a source of evidence. Then add the comment "Compare, resp. Cf. “ahead.
• If a source is followed by another quote from the same text, you do not have to repeat the footnote in full. The comment "Ibid. Or Ibid. with the corresponding page number.
• The same applies to references that you have already quoted and documented in detail in the text. In this case, the name of the author is sufficient as a footnote with the note "at the specified location or a.a. O. “with the page number.

Cite the bibliography and internet sources

Every direct or indirect quotation must be substantiated with a reference to the source. You can either insert the source information as a short title in the running text or add it as numbered footnotes at the end of the page or the text. As a short title in the running text, the information on the author, year of publication and page in brackets is sufficient. E.g.: (Assmann, 2006, p.299). Add the full source information to the text as a bibliography. In a footnote, however, you give the detailed source information directly. Apply as a guideline

• For monographs or novels: Surname and first name of the author, title of the work, year and place of publication, page number. E.g. Assmann, Aleida: memory spaces. Forms and changes in cultural memory, Munich 2006, p.299.

• For individual articles from anthologies or journals: Name and first name of the author, name of the article, quoted in: possibly name and First name of the editor, title of the anthology or journal, possibly the number of the volume, year of publication and place (in the case of anthologies), Page. Example magazine: Welzer, Harald: Nice blurred. About the boom in family and generation novels, in: Mittelweg 36 No. 1 2004, p.53. Example of an anthology: Adorno, Theodor W.: What does coming to terms with the past mean, in: ders.: Interventions. Nine critical models, Frankfurt / Main 1963, 125-146.

• In the case of quotes from the Internet, you must also state the date of your access to the source. For example, March, Ursula: Explore or retell. Stephan Wackwitz and Simon Werle show how different family novels can be today, in: DIE ZEIT No. 19/2003, http://images.zeit.de/text/2003/19/L-Wackwitz2fWerle (Accessed on October 5th, 2007).

References always end with a period. They are listed again in detail in a list of sources at the end of the text.