Components of bones and their function
Imagine if humans were made entirely of muscle, much like sharks - they were made entirely of muscle and cartilage. Without the skeleton, people would not be able to walk upright and would collapse every time they stand up. The bone components ensure that every bone is involuntarily preserved and supplied.
People owe their upright posture to the complex structure and the precise interaction of bones, muscles and tendons. The bones are the most stressed; without the bone components, the bones and cartilage would wear out or wear out very quickly. become brittle.
The bone components and their properties
Several bone components lie inside or outside the bone and give it its stability and resilience. In bone dolls you can usually only see one of the many bone components.
- The periosteum encloses the entire construct, around the sponge bones, which are located under the periosteum, except for the articular surfaces. It consists of two layers, the inner layer contains osteoblasts, which are responsible for bone formation. The outer layer contains many nerve and blood vessels in order to optimally supply the bones with nutrients through branches.
- In the event of a fracture, it is less the actual bone fracture that hurts, but rather the rubbing of the injured periosteum together due to the many nerves. When doing first aid, be sure to pull some tension on the broken limb to separate the ends.
- The lamellar bones follow the periosteum. They consist of tightly packed cylinders of bone. The cortical layer of the bones is very stable in the direction of the osteons, i.e. the growth direction of the bone, but weak in all other directions.
- Finally, the innermost part of the bone - the medullary cavity. It lies in the diaphysis, the middle piece of a bone. In the medullary cavity are the yellow bone marrow and branches of veins and arteries.
The bone breaks. After the X-ray, he is put in a cast and after a few weeks ...
The bone components - stabilize, but are not indestructible
The bone components can be weakened due to endogenous or exogenous influences. For example, infections are in the body endogenous and a break is exogenous. As a result of the weakening, the bone becomes more prone to fractures, in other words Fractions.
- The breaks are classified into certain characteristics. Typical fractures are transverse fractures. Characteristically, they show, on an X-ray, a fracture point across the bone. They are also known as straightforward.
- On the other hand, it looks more complicated with a spiral fracture, a diagonal fracture or an open fracture. In the case of a spiral fracture, the bone is displaced in its fracture points. Imagine opening a bottle. This effect occurs when the spiral breaks, usually by twisting the foot.
- The diagonal fracture draws a long diagonal "crack", actually a break, on the X-ray. The difficult thing about this fracture is that the fracture is elongated and not, as with transverse fractures, offers a small fracture point.
- The debris fractures the bones or Bone components into small bone artifacts. This break is very complicated because the original state - like a puzzle - has to be restored.
You can see that every time a bone breaks, the bone components are affected or be destroyed what the pains caused.
How helpful do you find this article?
The content of the pages of www.helpster.de was created with the greatest care and to the best of our knowledge and belief. However, no guarantee can be given for the correctness and completeness. For this reason, any liability for possible damage in connection with the use of the information offered is excluded. Information and articles must under no circumstances be viewed as a substitute for professional advice and / or treatment by trained and recognized doctors. The content of www.helpster.de cannot and must not be used to make independent diagnoses or to start treatments.
