How does a virus develop?

Things to know about viruses

• A virus consists of a protein shell and a nucleic acid core. This can be DNA or RNA.
• Viruses lack many components that are typical of living things. So they have z. B. have no metabolism and cannot reproduce themselves. Viruses are therefore considered to be an intermediate stage between living beings and inanimate matter.
• So how does a virus develop when viruses cannot reproduce themselves? Viruses depend on a host to reproduce; this host can - depending on the type of virus - be a human, an animal, a plant or even a bacterium. The living beings affected then have a viral infection.

How a viral infection develops

• Viruses can e.g. B. transmitted by droplet infection or through contaminated body fluids such as blood.
• If the viruses are in the body, they attach to a host cell. A hole is created at the point of attack through which the virus injects its nucleic acid into the interior of the cell. The virus nucleic acid gets into the cell nucleus, while the protein envelope of the virus remains on the outside of the host cell.
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• The virus nucleic acid takes command in the cell; the normal activities of the cell come to a standstill. The infected cell only produces virus nucleic acid and virus protein.
• Finally, new viruses are assembled from newly produced virus components. The host cell is dissolved; the newly formed viruses attack new host cells.
• The immune system recognizes the pathogen on the virus envelope on the outside of infected host cells and tries to prevent another virus from developing, e.g. B. by scavenger cells of the immune system eating up the infected cells including viruses or by forming antibodies against the viruses.
• Antibiotics don't help against viral infections, only bacterial infections.