Pressure calculation in hydraulics
In a system based on hydraulics, forces are converted. There is a simple formula for calculating the pressure.
Hydraulics - you should know that
"Hydraulics" is a word that is often used in everyday life. However, very few know what it is exactly. Hydraulics, isn't that a system with a fluid?
- In fact, there is a liquid in a hydraulic system, but not water (even if "hydro" suggests it), but mostly an oil mixture.
- Hydraulic systems are required to transfer pressure to other points or to convert the magnitude of a force, i.e. to increase or decrease it.
- The simplest examples of hydraulics are oil-filled jacks and car lifts in a garage.
Pressure calculation in the system - you should know that
- In fact, calculating the pressure in a hydraulic system is relatively simple: the one on the system The pressure exerted spreads with the help of the liquid in the system and can (in principle) be used at any other point will. In other words: in a hydraulic system, the pressure is the same everywhere.
- For example, exercise a force F (in the unit "Newton" N) on an area A (in m²) in the system off (by hand or by placing a weight), then the hydraulic system is under pressure p = F / A. The pressure is measured in the unit "Pascal" (Pa). 1 Pa = 1 N / m².
- An example should illustrate this: Assume you have a hydraulic jack and you want a car with a mass of 1000 kg (weight G = 1000 kg x 9.81 m / s³ = 9810 N) on a lifting surface of A = 5 cm x 5 cm = 25 cm² = 0.0025 m², then you need a pressure of p = 9810 N / 0.0025 m² = in the system 3.9 Million Pa, i.e. around 4 MPa. This may seem like a lot at first glance, but the Pascal is a relatively small unit, so that large values quickly result. It is for this reason that the unit megapascal (MPa) was created.
The transmission of forces takes place very often via liquids. Thereby ...
The pressure in the system is the same everywhere. However, this does not apply to the forces! Hydraulic systems in particular are not only used to transmit pressure, but also to convert forces. Due to the constant pressure, the formula F1 / A1 = F2 / A2 applies to two different positions or Areas in the system. In other words: The power transmission is determined by the area size, regardless of the pressure calculation from above.
