VIDEO: The wiring diagram of the alternator

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The alternator as a power generator in the car

In addition to the car battery, the alternator is the only power supplier in the car. While driving, this unit supplies both the power consumers in the vehicle and the car battery with power in order to charge the latter.

  • The alternator in the vehicle generates a three-phase current, which is converted into the necessary DC voltage with the help of rectifier diodes.
  • It's loud in the generator circuit diagram In addition, a charge regulator is installed, which ensures that the charging voltage (output voltage of the generator) is kept as constant as possible. Most alternators operate with a nominal voltage of around 14 volts.
  • There is a control lamp in the dashboard of the vehicle that shows the driver that this unit is malfunctioning.

This is how such a generator works according to the circuit diagram

  • Such a generator has three windings in which a three-phase alternating current is generated. This is the so-called stator.
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  • In order for this to work, an additional auxiliary winding is necessary in the rotating rotor or armature. This winding is supplied with current via the regulator mentioned above (from the vehicle battery). The charging voltage at the output of the alternator can be regulated via the level of this voltage.
  • The controller is connected to the so-called auxiliary rectifier (see circuit diagram). The regulator measures the output voltage via this rectifier and accordingly controls the auxiliary voltage on the development in the rotor.
  • The generated operating voltage is converted into a DC voltage with the help of six rectifier diodes, which is applied directly to the battery. In addition to their rectifying function, these diodes have another purpose. Since the current can only flow from the windings to the battery, this prevents the winding from receiving current from the battery and discharging it when it is stationary.
  • The control lamp works in such a way that voltage is applied to it via the ignition lock. As long as the generator is not yet being driven, the current flows through the controller and the winding in the rotor to ground. The result is that the control lamp lights up. If the rotor of the alternator rotates with sufficient speed, the control lamp via the regulator and the auxiliary rectifier also receives a voltage. This creates a potential equalization that leads to the indicator light going out.
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